Benefits of Capital Punishment Essay Example for Free

Benefits of swell Punishment EssayThough shoemakers last penalization lawfulness has received insurmountable onslaught from the opposing comportivists and human rights campaigners, a number of states nominate maintained a hard stance and stood their grounds, this has been with good reasons. It is in addition in the clear understanding of its benefits and the hollowness of the counter claims. The position of this paper is that nifty penalisation has a wide range of benefits to a nation. Capital punishment monishs crime, curbs recidivism, controls overcrowding and reduces the live of maintaining inmates serving life sentences. A number of econometric studies conducted between 1978 and 2000 in the United States by a number of scholars bear the truth astir(predicate) the intimidation abilities of cap punishment (Paul R. Z. , 2006, 34). These studies have established the obvious, just as incarceration deters crime so does capital punishment. Capital punishment simply refe rs to an act by state of executing criminals install to have committed capital offenses. History has it that the origin of capital punishment was necessitated by the need to quell high-minded rates of grievous crimes and political dissent.T here are various crimes that are punished using death penalty these however usually vary from adept country to another and are a product of a states traditions and societal expectations. In China corruption is considered serious enough to attract a death penalty. Majority of countries regard drug trafficking, rape and cold blood premeditated murders as capital offences. Zhiqiang Liu (2004, 12), an economist, is particularly categorical in his weigh of the ability of capital punishment to deter crime.He goes forth and posits that one execution of criminal by state goes ahead to safeguard about eight lives of potential victims, this is in accordance to a study he conducted in the United States between the early 1930s and the late 1960s. This st udy is preferably confident on the human relationship between executions and crimes rate. These findings had earlier been echoed by H. Naci Mocan and R. Kaj Gittings (2003, 29) in a state level study conducted for a period of 20 years up to 1997. The conclusion of this study was griped after a careful analysis of the homicidal and imprisonment rates compared with the rate of capital penalties meted out.The conclusion was that each execution carried out went ahead and cut the number of homicidal cases after while rescinding of a death penalty generated a significant increase of murder cases. The issue of disincentive has received quite a sizeable proportion of interest from academicians. This interest is not only as a bequeath of its relation to capital punishments only but excessively in regard to other crimes as well. One of the reasons behind incarceration in addition to locking out criminal elements away from the precincts of the society is to deter occurrences of similar crimes from potential criminals.Theories have been put forward to analyze the effects of imprisonment and punishment as a form of deterrence. Most scholars have found a correlation between the two. The fear of imprisonment, fines and other forms of punishment is one big reason why many people would rather not go against the law. Early philosophers theorized about the origin of state saying it was brought forth to arrest the anarchical situation that reigned in the original state of nature.The presence of state likewise gave birth to the need to create laws and spell out the nature of punishment for the violators, such punishment would be meant to deter. There is an undeniable link between deterrence and punishment and the harsher the punishment, the more efficient the deterrence (Van den Haag, E. , 1975). The idea hence that harsh punishment meted out against criminals does not deter similar occurrences is inconceivable near all scholars are in agreement that capital punishment sh ould be given to the elements in the society charged with grievous crimes.The basic argument here should be that the nature of crime one commits should attract an equally harsh punishment. Capital crimes rank the highest. None would be harsher than death and this would go ahead in preventing others with similar intentions. A total of 53 criminals were executed in the United States two years ago (Amnesty international, 2007). A bigger portion of those were in Texas. Critics keep back that these executions went a long way in curbing crimes in the states that they were carried out and most studies agree.The issue of deterrence hence is unquestionable. A secondary objective of capital punishment on capital offenses is to stigmatize grievous crimes like rape and murder. It seeks to portray the horrific nature of such acts. Nothing would portray this better than an execution. Capital crimes cannot be deterred effectively by imposing light sentences or life imprisonments with an option of a parole. It is not in question that prospects of imprisonment would deter afterlife acts of crimes, but this might not be applicable in well mapped out and executed murders.The prospect of a parole itself negates the deterrence that could have been achieved. The prospects of a death penalty on the other hand make any criminal to have second thoughts before contemplate on taking fair lives. Capital punishments with an intention of deterring crimes should not only be carried out but they should also be highly publicized to ensure that such news reach all quarters (Hugo A. B. , 1997, 67). . Texas has an exceptionally high proportion of executions being with over half of all executions in the United States.These executions have been on the increase in these recent past years. Dale O. Cloninger and Roberto Marchesni (2001, 62) carried out a study with an intention of comparing two periods, when in one, executions were near zero and in another where there were signally high number of executions. This study found that the deterrence hypothesis holds. The numbers of homicide cases reported when there were minimal executions were higher than in when the number of executions went up. Other studies have found that executions conducted in one state have a spill over effect to other areas.Executions in one state may result to a reduced rate of capital crimes in a neighboring state indicating how efficient the idea of deterrence is (Van den Haag, Ernest, 1975, 26). Deterrence operates within a framework of three assumptions the first one is based on what the law stipulates. The contents of the law are themselves enough to deter crime a stout law goes a long way in preventing criminal tendencies. The second one is punishment. Everyone should be made aware of what the punishment for violating a certain law is. The third aspect is the certainty of such a punishment.This is where capital punishment comes and it is ascertained through carrying out executions. The state goe s right ahead in achieving this and deterrence is achieved. Robertson I (1989, 33) notes that through punishment corrections serve to deter the offender from deviating and it scares others who might be tempted into crime Capital punishment has also a price advantage. In the process of meting out a judgment especially for the lesser crimes, the court determines whether to imprison or fine an individual by looking at the possible cost of incarceration, the nature of the crime and the character of the individual.This is a complicated formula that puts into consideration even the salaries and expenses of the probation officers alongside other costs. The average cost of maintaining a prisoner for a whole year in prison as established in the finding conducted in 2003 is well above twenty-five molarity dollars. This number if multiplied with the millions serving jail sentences in the United States really puts a strain on the public coffers.Fines and paroles are important ways of circumve nting this cost and to a greater extent eradicates the social and health issues that arise as a result of the increasing over crowding in the jails today, especially occasioned by the three strikes law. The prisons in most countries, United States included, are always carrying above the expected capacity. Although the intention of capital punishment is not to decongest prisons, when imposed, it goes ahead to achieve this. The costs of congestion are insurmountable both social and economic (Gottfried, T. , 1997, 78).

Experiment Essay Example for Free

Experiment EssayThe primary focus of experiment 4 was to teach a student the basic solubility rules of salts in aqueous solutions. After developing and using a scheme for the qualitative analysis of three cations in an aqueous mixture, a student would use a centrifuge to identify, precipitate, and separate the three ions in the mixture. After becoming familiar with all three cations, the student would use the scheme again to identify at least two of the cations in an unknown solution.In order to begin the separation process, HCl is issueed to the mixture of cations to form the precipitates and separate the chlorides of Ag+, Pb2+, and HG22+. It is important non to add too much HCl because an excess would form the soluble complexes of AgCl and PbCl2. After the HCl is added, it is centrifuged to form a solid precipitate that contains all three cations and separate them from the supernatant liquid. Finally, other sick of HCl is added to demonstrate for completeness of precipita tion and centrifuged again if the solution remains incomplete.To separate the lead (II) ion from the sample of solution, it must be separated from the insoluble Hg2Cl2 and AgCL salts by dissolve it in hot water. Once it has been dissolved from the other two cations, it is centrifuged and the liquid is decanted into another test tube. Once in the other test tube, a drop of 6.0 M acetic acid and two drops of 1.0 M K2CrO4 is added to the saved liquid.If the lead (II) cation is present, a yellow precipitate forms and experiences the presence of that cation. When testing my unknown solution, the lead (II) ion was not present in my solution. To further separate the cations, 1.0 mL of 6 M NH3 is added to the saved precipitate. After adding the ammonia, the mixture is centrifuged and the liquid is once again decanted into another test tube. If a gray or black precipitate forms, this proves the presence of Hg22+. The mercury (I) ion was present in my unknown.Finally, separating the silver ions from the sample solution mixture is accomplished in the prior step when the mercury ion is centrifuged. In order to test for the presence of silver ions, 1 mL of 6M HNO3 is added to the solution from the prior step. The silver precipitates in this acerbic solution. If a white precipitate appears, silver is present in the solution. The presence of a white precipitate in the solution proves that there were silver ions in my unknown. By following the scheme for the qualitative analysis, it was simple to separate and test for the presence of the target cations. It was critical to correctly label every one of the liquids to ensure the correct reactions. No other difficulties prevented success in the experiment, but performing the experiment several times would further reinforce the outcome of the experiment.

Theories On Second Language Acquisition English Language Essay

Theories On Second Language Acquisition slope Language EssaySeveral studies accept revealed how dynamics in cultural identity influenced the nurture of a second language (Graham Brown, 1996 McCarthy, Giardina, H bewood, Park, 2003). The process of language learning itself is amicablely and culturally constructed (Norton-Piece Toohey, 2001). How social formations, individual identities, and interpretations belong to a particular culture is crucial to the development of language.CultureAs defined by Brown (2007), culture is the ideas, customs, skills, arts, and tools that characterize a given pigeonholing of people in a given terminus of time (p. 380). A more comprehensive definition of culture developed by Daz-Rico and rat (2006) views it asThe explicit and implicit patterns for living, the dynamic system of commonly agreed upon symbols and meanings, knowledge, belief, art, m unwrittens, law, customs, behaviors, traditions, and/or habits that are shared and make up the tot al way of breeding of a people, as nswelled headtiated by individuals in the process of constructing a personal identity. (p. 233)This definition highlights the fact that culture is a dynamic, instead of static process and is incomplete something to be memorized nor a program that can be encoded to dictate behavior. The process of learning a new language while being immersed in a new culture involves cultural conflict and reconciliation of that conflict in order to come to terms with the host culture. Learning a second language even demands of an individual to take on a new identity (Guiora, 1995, p. 145). As a consequence, ones basic sense of self and confidence in ones abilities are challenged in this process of developing a new identity to cope with the acquisition of a new language. This process is called absorption, generally referred to as the act of adjusting to a new culture.AcculturationThere have got been different models to explain the role of acculturation in the acq uisition of a second language. Many authors have suggested that acculturation need non mean the eradiction of the old culture itself. Acculturation is adapting to a second culture without necessarily giving up ones first culture (Diaz-Weed, 2007, p. 246). This is perverted to the view that acculturation is synonymous to preoccupancy (total absorption into the new culture) or accommodation (mutual adjustment of cultures). Absorbing particular domains of a new society does not mean total surrender of the old or the zero-sum trade off (Berry, 1997, p. 34). Degrees of acculturation could be in four levels integrating (positive relationship to new and old), assimilation (relinquishing old, embracing new), segregation (retaining old, rejecting new), and marginalization (relinquishing old and new) (Berry, 1997).Theories on Second Language AcquisitionThe earliest research on second language acquisition (SLA) have been motivating studies which hypothesized that motivation is the fundame ntal factor toward SLA. Founded on the work of Robert Gardner and Wallace Lambert, the relationship of motivation and SLA have been helpful in understanding how the social and cultural environments of L2 pupils run their attitudes and motivations toward the L2, its culture, and L2 speakers (Gardner, 1979, 1980). These studies have pointed out that as a consequence, learners display behaviors which could either promote or impede their SLA outcomes (Gardner, 1979). Motivation for learning an L2 is divided by Gardner into two components instrumental and integrative motivation. Instrumental motivation concerns an individuals primary concern for linguistic growth, apart from social goals in SLA (Gardner, 1979, 1983, 1988 Gardner Lambert, 1959, 1972). Integrative motivation refers to an individuals willingness and interest in promoting L2 acquisition with social interactions with members of the L2 group (Gardner Lambert, 1959, 1972 Gardner, 1979, 1983, 1988). Instrumental motivation is suggested by Gardner and Lambert to have a primary role in learning of the L2, while integrative motivation is depicted playing a lesser, supporting role (Gardner, 1979, 1983, 1988 Gardner, Tremblay Masgoret, 1997 Gardner Lambert, 1972).Many theorists have criticized motivation studies as not sufficiently explaining the role of acculturation in SLA. fit in to Brown (1980, 2007), second language learners are optimally suited to learn the Culture and SLA second language when certain conditions of acculturation are met. Specifically, the optimal period is when learners are in the third stage of acculturation and similarly see themselves as outside of both their native culture and the second culture.Schumann (1986) claims that acculturation, or the integration of the L2 learner into the target linguistic community, is not a direct cause of second language acquisition (SLA), but rather it is the first in a chain of factors which results in natural SLA. He proposes that acculturat ion as a remote cause brings the learner into contact with TL-speakers and verbal interaction with those speakers as a proximate cause brings about the negotiation of appropriate input which then operates as the immediate cause of language acquisition (p. 385). Acculturation (made up of social and affective variables) is the causal varibale of SLA. That is, if learners acculturate, they will learn if learners do not acculturate, they will not learn. Acculturation initiates a chain reaction including contact in the halfway and acquisition as its outcome.Schumanns (1986) acculturation model includes seven social variables (1. social dominance, 2. assimilation, preservation, and adaptation, 3. enclosure, 4. cohesiveness and size, 5. congruence, 6. attitude, 7. intended length of residence) and four affective variables (1. language shock, 2. culture shock, 3. ego permeability, and 4. motivation) which presumably affect the quantity and quality of contact that second language learners h ave with the target language community, thus affecting SLA. Schumann argues that the degree to which a learner acculturates to the TL group will control the degree to which he acquires the second language (Schumann, 1978, p. 34), but he makes his claim only for the context of natural SLA, i.e., where learning takes place in the environment where the L2 is spoken and without direct language instruction (1986, p. 385).Language proficiency and acculturationThere has been a dearth in falsifiable studies that examined the impact of a learners degree of acculturation on language proficiency or acquisition. Extant studies have however suggested that acculturation and language acquisition have a positive relationship.Acculturation is a more significant determinant in language proficiency than motivation or attitudes, as evidenced by Clements (1986) piece of work. Clement (1986) showed how the interplay of motivation, individual attitudes and degree of acculturation result to SLA proficien cy in quantitative cross-sectional study. In a correlational research conducted in a bilingual Canadian university, students were asked to fill up questionnaires that assessed ethnolinguistic vitality, motivation, and attitudes. More everyplace, interviews were conducted among respondents to evaluate their proficiency in spoken English as a second language. Minority group members exhibited more self-confidence in their skill of speaking English as a second language and were also judged to be more proficient than members of the majority group. The level of acculturation measured by the frequency of L2 use and frequency of contact with L2 speakers was revealed to be functional in language proficiency. Motivation and attitudes toward L2 speakers, and L2 culture were not significantly correlated to language proficiency.Friendships and immersion with native English-speaking people is also important in cultivating SLA and proficiency. As shown in Graham and Browns (1996) study in a bilin gual community in Mexico, the difference in proficiency among native Spanish speakers in speaking English could be a result of the alter levels of their acculturation to native English speakers. Using Schumanns (1986) acculturation model and variables, the degree of acculturation was measured among native Spanish-speaking households in Colonia Juarez town. To measure language proficiency, an oral examination proficiency interview was conducted. Native-like English proficiency among native Spanish speakers was attained only by those enrolled in bilingual schools. Their enrollment in the schools proved approbative to their SLA. Moreover, they developed more positive perceptions about the English-speaking community and developed more intimate friendships with their English-speaking peers (Graham Brown, 1996).Degree of acculturation, age, and marital status are also important factors in language proficiency. Lee (2005) investigated the relationship of English proficiency and degree of acculturation in terms of U.S. media consumption. The results revealed that the use of Korean language over the Internet negatively correlated with acculturation. Those that did not use English when consuming and participating in Internet-based communication were less proficient in speaking English than those that used English frequently. Moreover, younger and single Koreans were more proficient in speaking English than older and married Koreans due to their higher levels of U.S. media consumption (Lee, 2005).Lees study is consistent with the findings from Jiang et al. (2009) which found that greater degrees of immersion in American society leads to higher proficiency in the English language. Jiang et al. (2009) studied acculturation and Enlighs proficiency by studying an older Chinese-English population. Correlational analyses revealed a strong relationship between the degree of immersion in the dominant society and proficiency in oral English. Nevertheless, while speaking profi ciency was found to be correlated with acculturation, accents were not.

Analyzing Mass Media And Popular Culture Media Essay

Analyzing Mass Media And Popular Culture Media Es separateAlthough many can dismiss famous person web logs such as www.perezhilton.com and www.wwtdd.com as frivolous and esteem, the popularity and prevalence of these websites run through a considerable social impact on our world today. For this Data Workshop, you will be analyzing entries in a credit communicate, using one of the three major social paradigms.Step 1 Collecting DataChoose a celebrity blog and pick five entries. Scrutinize the pictures, read the headlines and text c atomic number 18fully, and review the reader comments.Step 2 Thinking about and Analyzing the DataFor the five entries that you film selected, answer the following questions from each of sociologys three major theoretical perspectives. Later, use your data-collection form to write a one rogue essay summarizing the differences in the theories and their ob attend to as a sociological analyst. Compare what you observed to what the text sustain says in C h 1.DATA-COLLECTION FORM FOR THEORIES OF CELEBRITY GOSSIPData Workshop 11. Structural Functionalist surmisalWhat is the function (or functions) of celebrity gibber blogs for party? What purpose(s) do they serve, and how do they help society maintain stability and order? Do celebrity gossip blogs have manifest and latent functions? Are any dysfunctions built into such publications?2. Social Conflict TheoryWhat forms of inequality are revealed in celebrity gossip blogs? In particular, what do celebrity gossip blogs have to say about gender, public life, and class inequalities? Who rears and who benefits from the publication of celebrity gossip blogs?3. Symbolic Interactionist TheoryWhat do celebrity gossip blogs mean to society as a whole? What do they mean to individual members of society? force out they have different meanings for different individuals or groups of individuals? How do those meanings get constructed in interaction? And how do celebrity gossip blogs shape and inf luence our quotidian lives?-1Kim Kardashian is good at chirp53166_kim_kardashian_at_photoshoot_twitpics_01_123_391loKim Kardashian doesnt re on the wholey do anything of course, exactly before this our famous celebrities who didnt re on the wholey do anything were fug whores ilk Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie. Remember that? What the hell was that all about? So at least Kim is hot, and goes onher twitterand posts pics of her kick ass rack. The only way to get even more(prenominal) intimate pictures of Kim is to be black.CommentsTalked ab poop. Said she isnt preggo, hated on blk ppl-2Rihanna got a fresh haircutRihannaBy all accounts Rihanna (seen here last night at a Clippers game in LA) is a perfectly nice woman and everyone seems to like and shes a good singer, but very obviously her new bang haircut sucks. If this wereAmerican Idol, these pictures would be turned into a montage with that So You Had a Bad twenty-four arcminute period song playing over it.Comments talk ab it being fake, a wig3Gwyneth Paltrow has advice for other working moms56852284I know some lot who have worked with Gwyneth Paltrow and they say shes delightful but that seems impossible to believe. Because shes a complete cunt, delusional and arrogant beyond all comprehension.The in style(p) proofon her website GOOP, Paltrow, who is worth 90 million dollars and got married in a castle, has advice for other extremely busy working mothers. Yes that said other. Because thats what she considers herself. And just like all working moms, afterwards she drops her kids at schoolDid dance aerobics for 45 minutes then all of the butt lifts and the like. Rushed upstairs to have a interpreter, doing my post usage stretch while the conditioner was doing its magic on my hair to combine activities/save m. Dressed quickly and rushed downstairs.Her day is essentially filled with stuff like that. The stuff that real working moms do when non at work or being a mom. The stuff they have to squeeze i nto one hour on the weekend is Paltrows entire life, but shes here to tell them how to do it. Because they dont know. They need tips from Gwyneth Paltrow.Im honestly shocked that she isnt punched in the face at least at a time every time she leaves the house.4Kate Beckinsale is in a bikiniSPL240191_003Kate Beckinsale is down in Mexico this weekend, and unlike the hags at the Golden Globes she looked fantastic in this bikini, and I recall thats the same place where Jennifer Aniston is always going. I can see why she likes it. Its basically a rock and theres lots of empty space. Just like her womb.5Eva Longoria at the Golden GlobesEva LongoriaEva Longoria at least tried to look sexy for last nights Golden Globe awards, but her depressing tits are useless and so it didnt work.This is one of the most boring and unsexy periods I can ever think of in Hollywood. No one ever wears anything good, and most of the big stars are either not pretty or not pretty anymore. About the most positive thing I can say is that theres room for improvement everywhere. You could find hotter girls putting ads on craiglist asking for you to come rape them.____________________________________________________________________________________1.What is the function (or functions) of celebrity gossip blogs for society? To make fun of people, to show off the in vogue(p)/ or not so latest trends, to spread gossip/infoWhat purpose(s) do they serve, and how do they help society maintain stability and order? They serve as entertainment purpose/news/ way to spread info- help society maintain order by letting ppl know what is in/not in what to do/not do-Do celebrity gossip blogs have manifest and latent functions? Find something from bookPos effect on society-possibly could help spread trends/ show who is/isnt role modelsAre any dysfunctions built into such publications? Bad-neg affect, more so thatn manifest latent, gossip is bad- demeaning to persons self confidence- shows bad role models- mo re get along content2. What forms of inequality are revealed in celebrity gossip blogs? First one talks ab her obsession with blk ppl, ( only blk can see more pics)-what celebritys have that most common ppl can not do/ or afford to haveIn particular, what do celebrity gossip blogs have to say about gender, race, and class inequalities? Blk ppl thing- class the mother issue, females- sexy hot whoresWho suffers and who benefits from the publication of celebrity gossip blogs?everyone suffers from these blogs, the ppl who are wrote ab suffer bc it degrades self image, children suffer from bad role modelsBenefit- writer bc so many read them, if decent blog then the readers celebrities could benefit3. What do celebrity gossip blogs mean to society as a whole? Past time- way to spread info- teach what is not cool/coolWhat do they mean to individual members of society? Back to the benefit/suffer partKids are hurt by this, adults are humored by this, celebrity can be degraded by thisCan th ey have different meanings for different individuals or groups of individuals? Yes they doHow do those meanings get constructed in interaction?And how do celebrity gossip blogs shape and influence our everyday lives?back to 1Info from bookPg 11- theoretical approach roadmaps that connect basic image of society with researchStructional functional approach- repeat behavior that affects the viewers pg 12Pg 12- this approach was to keep ppl unifiedPg 12- social dysfunctionsocial pattern that disturbsPg 13- social action inequality building up over timeTheoretical Perspectives in BlogsFrom analyzing celebrity blogs we can learn a lot more than the latest gossip. The celebrity blogs provide great insight in the differences surrounded by sociologys three major theoretical perspectives. The celebrity blog that I reviewed had great examples of the structural functionalist possible action, social conflict theory, and the symbolic internationalist theory that compared nicely to the books r endering of each, but still had some different points.First I examined how the structural functionalist theory appeared in the blog. As known by the definition given by the text book the structural functionalist theory is a theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to labour solidarity and stability (page 11). One of the major differences I learnd between how the blog portrayed this theory from how the book described this theory is the stability. I did not notice any of the different blog entries or any of the celebrities that appeared in the blog entries to work together to provide stability in todays society, if anything I noticed the celebrities all behaving in different manners that disturbed the stability of the blog. While the book describes social structure as ..gives our lives shape in families, the work place, or the college classroom, ( page 12). A similarity I noticed was how the book explained how manifest and latent functions are a part of the structural-functional approach, and you could see each function within the blog. attest functions could be recognized from the comments to each of the blogs, the readers adjusted their thoughts and actions based on the blogs that they read.Secondly, the social conflict theory appeared inside the blog and the book. By definition the social conflict approach is sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change. (page 13) Overall throughout each blog I examined I saw issues of race, sex, and social classes. The blog that discussed Kim Kardashian was full of issues of race and sex from the main picture to the response. Her risqu picture provided conflict for the other women viewers who saw it, but the males tended to enjoy it more. Also an issue of race was brought up when the writer of the blog mentioned that you have to be black to get more pictures of Kim. A quote like this could create an issue between all races who read the comment.Thirdly, the symbol ic interaction theory that is defined as society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals. ( page 15) appears inside the blogs entries. The blog gives viewers the fortune to express their feelings and allow them to interact with others. Also the blog purpose of a blog is to collect data and distribute it to followers, this data can be gossip, news, latest trends, or basically anything. Some of the information can play a positive or negative affect based on the type of reader. The book mentions two different levels of symbolic-interaction, macro-level and micro-level, while the blog provides a great example of each. From the macro-level observing from a helicopter level, you can see the broad focus of the blog is celebrities different styles. The micro, or street level focus, you can see how their different styles affect the followers.Each of the three theories, structural-functionalist, social-conflict, and symbolic interaction have the same finis in mind of ana lyzing how a particular item affects a society, while each theory has its own specific areas. I believe that each theory builds on each other to provide a in-depth analysis, starting from how things work together, to conflicts that arise, even down to how everyday interactions.( The blog I used was from www.wwtdd.com. The five blogs I chose were Kate Beckinsale is in a bikini Jan. 17, Eva Longoria at the Golden Globes Jan. 17, Kim Kardashian is good at twitter Jan. 14, Rhianna got a new haircut Jan. 13 and Gwyneth Paltrow has advices for other working moms Jan. 13.

Waste Isolation Power Plant Issues

Waste Isolation Power whole caboodle IssuesIntroductionThe Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, unremarkably abbreviated as WIPP is the third deepest geologic depositary in the world. This is after the closure of the repository German blueprintts such as the Schacht Asse II, and the Morsleben radioactive waste plants. This geological repository site has been licensed to dispose radioactive waste, for a minimum period of 10,000 years. Furthermore, the WIPP is also responsible for the production of thermo atomic weapons (Olsson, 32). The estimated cost that this nuclear plan incurs is estimated at 19 billion United States dollars. The WIPP is found at 42 km, east of the town of Carlsbad. This town is found in the city of all overbold Mexico, in the county of Eddy. This region is considered as the nuclear corridor of the city of New Mexico, and it also includes a National Enrichment Facility and a Waste Control Facility. Capilla, Jaime, and Andrs (257) on that pointfore explains that New Mexico hosts very important nuclear and geological facilities in United States.In the year 2010, the department of energy was able to mothball, the previous plans to develop and build the Yucca nuclear waste repository plant in Nevada. This had an effect of leaving the WIPP as the only repository facility that had the capability of storing waste products that had accumulated at the mercenary nuclear plants, in the United States (Olsson, 39). However, there were a series of mishaps and accidents in the year 2014, and this is because of the growing backlog of nuclear waste, that were emanating from commercial nuclear power plants (Seong and Yoram, 1011). Because of these accidents and mishaps, there is a growing concern that this situation may turn into a danger to the citizens of the country, hence the need of building more nuclear repositories that discount sell the nuclear activities of the country.Geological History of the WIPPThe WIPP is located in the Delaware Basin of th e state of New Mexico. It is a 600 meter deep in length, and it is a salt can. This basin was formed during the periods of the Permian, and it is approximately 250 million years ago. The Permian is a geological period, and it is characterized by the diversification of organisms into turtles, mammals, archosaurs, etc. Capilla, Jaime, and Andrs (255) explains that an ancient sea once existed where the Delaware Basin is, and it evaporated over a given period of time. This had an effect of leaving an impermeable layer of salt that over a given period of time was able to sieve a 300 meters of rock and soil. Olsson (41) further explains that the Delaware basin has some geological similarities with other basins that were created or made through the evaporation of the sea. peerless of this characteristic is the macrocosm of salts and rocks. The Delaware basin is very salty and rocky, hence depicting this universal characteristic that is found in all the basins that exists because of the evaporation of the sea.The saltiness of these basins occurs because of the nature of the sea, which is always salty. In 1975, the department of energy began drilling in the salty beds of the Delaware Basin. Geologists were able to discover that the edge of the Delaware Basin had experienced some disturbances. This had led to the movement of the interbed layers to a unsloped position. In response, the geologists were able to move the site towards a more stable center of the Delaware basin. Capilla, Jaime, and Andrs (255) explains that there was a suggestion during the early periods of investigation, that the complexity of the geological basin was jobatic. This had an effect of causing or making the hollowed-out caverns as unstable. However, Seong and Yoram (1011) explain that what others consider as a form of instability is viewed as a verificatory aspect, and this is because salt is transformed into a rock. Furthermore, as early as 1957, the National Academy of Science was able to recommend that salt should be used as a radioactive waste disposal. This is because it had the capability of plastically deforming a motion that is referred to as the salt creep, which exists in the salt-mining industry (Olsson, 32). This helps in sealing and closing each opening that is created during the surgical operation of mining. Furthermore, it also closes and seals any opening that is found around the repository.Geological Location of the WIPPThe WIPP lies on a general flat plain, which is covered with caliche, cede bushes, and sand. The geological name of the region in which the WIPP is located, is called the gypsum-karst region. A subsidence landform, commonly referred to as the Nash Draw lies 5 km, across the Western side of the WIPP site. The Nash Draw is 10 to 16 km wide, on the eastern side of the WIPP, and it has experienced a series of erosion by fill and solution of soluble rocks (Olsson, 27). This is a process that has happened in the past period, and it is a lso currently happening. The Pecos River also flows from the North West of the WIPP to the South East of the repository. This river is approximately 20 km, from the repository. Because of the existence of saline creeps along the Pecos River, the WIPP has been identified as an area that has the capability of discharging nuclear waste products that emanate from the commercial nuclear sites, and the repository itself.Geological Issues related with WIPPThe geological characterization of the WIPP began in 1974, after the establishment abandoned the Lyons, Kansas site. The government abandoned this site, in the year 1972. The Atomic Energy Commission was the one which was responsible for selecting the Kansas site. However, it was deemed unsuitable because of unmapped botch up and oil wells, which were located within the region or area (Mahaffey, 38). These unmapped wells had the potential of compromising the ability of the planned plant to contain and keep abreast nuclear waste. The go vernment feared that proceeding with the construction of a nuclear site at the Kansas location, may lead to the emergence of serious health hazards, such as nuclear leakages. This may result to a serious negative impact on the environment.This is because nuclear wastes have the capability of destroying the environment, and the lives of people. Because these concerns were raised by the people, and professional geologists, the government was able to abandon this program, and look for a new site. In relocating this project to New Mexico, the government was encouraged by the interests that emerged from the communities living in the region. Based on these facts, the department of energy was able to relocate this new program to the Delaware salt beds, which are located in New Mexico. The early activities that characterized the classification of the site was pore on obtaining data on hydrology, potash resources, and stratigraphy at the WIPP site. As these studies continued, a variety of g eological processes and features were identified, and these features could negatively affect the capabilities of a radioactive waste repository system. Because of the existence of these geological issues and safety concerns, the exact location of building this site was able to change on numerous occasions.This is because the government was keen on protect the security of the community of people living in the Basin. One of the minerals that posed a safety concern was the presence of Brine deposits. The discovery of brine occurred in the year 1975, when a drilling process was able to release a pressurized deposit of brine, from beneath the repository level. Olsson (46) therefore explains that construction of this plant, near the brine deposits could via media the safety of the facility. This is because brine has the capability of leaking into the repository, and hence dissolving the radioactive particles or elements. Furthermore, brine had the capability of entraining particulate mat ter or elements with radioactive waste substances to the surface. This can negatively affect the environment, and the people living within the environment under consideration. These were some of the factors that were considered during the creation and development of the WIPP nuclear plant.Importance of WIPP to the StudyUnderstanding the geological characteristics and formation of WIPP is important because of the fact that it is a nuclear facility, and any breaches of its security, can lead to very grave security concerns and environmental damages. Take for example the Fukushima Daiichi tragedy of 2011. This was a Japanese nuclear disaster that occurred in the year 2011, after being hit by a tsunami (Fermi and Salvatore, 41). This disaster saw the release of a substantial amount of radio-active elements, making it one of the largest nuclear disasters of all time. This led to the contamination of the Pacific sea, affecting the marine life there. Furthermore, there were risks that peo ple could drive cancer, because of exposure to radioactive elements. Understanding the geological properties and conditions of WIPP would help in minimizing risks associated with the leakage of radioactive elements (Fermi and Salvatore, 41).ConclusionStoring nuclear waste substances always gives a significant problem to the continuous usage of nuclear substances or materials. There are various challenges that exists in the storage of these nuclear facilities, and this is demonstrated by 2011 Japanese nuclear crisis, and the fresh fires that occur at the WIPP nuclear plant. Salt mines have been traditionally used as storage sites for nuclear plants however, workers in these locations are always vulnerable to acquiring medical conditions that are not conducive to them. Furthermore, the notion that salt mines have the capability of blocking a diffusion of waste products is not a genuine belief. It is based on these facts that the WIPP repository should be placed under heavy surveill ance to ensure that it does not present a health hazard or risk to the community living there.Works CitedEnergy.gov. Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. http//energy.gov/em/waste-isolation-pilot-plant.Seong, Kwanjae, and Yoram Rubin. Field Investigation of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant(WIPP) Site (New Mexico) Using a Nonstationary Stochastic Model with a TrendingHydraulic Conductivity Field. Water Resources Research (1999) 1011. Print.Capilla, Jos E., J. Jaime Gmez-Hernndez, and Andrs Sahuquillo. Stochastic Simulation ofTransmissivity handle Conditional to Both Transmissivity and Piezometric Head Data3.Application to the Culebra Formation at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plan (WIPP), NewMexico, USA. Journal of Hydrology (1998) 254-69. Print.Olsson, P. nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Fusion and Fusion Engineering. New York NovaScience, 2009. Print.Fermi, Enrico, and Salvatore Esposito. Neutron Physics for Nuclear Reactors UnpublishedWritings. Singapore World Scientific, 2010. Pr int.Mahaffey, James A. Nuclear Fission Reactors. New York Facts on File, 2011. Print.Appendix OneImage OneThis image was removed from the ENERGY.GOV website, managed by the Office of the Environmental Management (Energy.gov, 5).The following is a link to the website,http//energy.gov/em/waste-isolation-pilot-plantThis is a truck carrying nuclear waste products, shipping them to the WIPP. This image is developed courtesy of ENERGY.GOV (Energy.gov, 5).

A Night To Remember Essays -- essays research papers

Reaction of Chapters 1 and 2I have solely finishes reading the first 2 chapters of A Night to Remember. While I was reading the chapters I was putting all the pictures that I saw in my past with the book. When I was reading I saw that Walter Lord wasnt that much into Similes and metaphors. He had great ways to get the reader interested and not bored. When I read books I normally look for where the plot is when the book starts. When I was reading this novel I thought that it was pretty interesting that righteousness in the first chapter out of 10 he started the great accident with the iceberg. In chapter 1 I saw that John Jacob Astor and his wife were pretty hush quote on page 15 He was very calm and Mrs. Astor wasnt a bit alarmed. I read a little more than and I saw that everyone was mostly joking around and thinking nothing happened.When I was reading through chapter 1 I noticed a little part of it that made me put the book down and start thinking for about 10 minutes. This pa rt was on page 3. It says that For the next 37 seconds, make pass and Lee stood quietly side by side, watching the ice draw nearer. Now they were almost on top of it and the ship didnt turn. I first thought of how they must have felt getting closer by the second to the iceberg. There hearts must have been beating abstain from the shivering cold and nervousness from the iceberg. If I would have been standing there in the crows-nest, alive today I would have so many nonreciprocal questions...

The Definition of Cyberpunk Essay -- Science Fiction Literary Genre Es

The Definition of CyberpunkIn Bruce Sterlings article, Cyberpunk in the Nineties, he explained how humans opinion had defined himself, Rucker, Shiner, Shirley, and Gibson as the hack gurus in the 1980s. Because of being labeled cyberpunk gurus, the public had come to understand the definition of cyberpunk as anything that cyberpunks write. To neglect this definition of cyberpunk established by popular public opinion, I will pursue giving cyberpunk a more definite definition. afterwards reading numerous cyberpunk fiction stories, I noticed reoccurring themes in these stories. I believe these themes can form a criteria under which a story can be defined as cyberpunk. These criteria are total enhancement and integration of everyday life by technology, some degree of pleasure (by the author) in explaining this technology, cyber-lingo, and some degree of global connectiveness.The first criterion or theme, total enhancement and integration of everyday life by technology is probably th e some obvious and vital in order for a story to be deemed cyberpunk. Why is it the most obvious and most vital? It is the most obvious because cyberpunk writers use the everyday, that is, objects, concepts, or places we causally shrug off as normal, and integrate/enhance the normal with technology. A good example can be put together in John Shirleys Freezone. Upon entering the Semiconductor the scene is unusual but appears to be a everyday freak club. An occasional flare dots the audience. They have multi- washed-out hairs-breadth that is styled straight up. In reaction to the flares and much more frequent than the flares are minimonos they have ultra-straight hair falling down past their shoulders and uniform monochrome colored clothes. Anyway, the ... ...d projecting its evolution in the future, he is not intimidated, therefore he is able to enjoy himself in explaining this concept or technology. Furthermore, because the author is reflecting off of a society so obsessed with detail, he is obligated to present his story is such a detailed fashion. Basically, I think, that if cyberpunk fiction fulfills its purpose hence the four criteria will fall naturally into place and therefore these four criteria build the backbone of the definition of cyberpunk.Works CitedSterling, Bruce, Ed. Mirrorshades. New York Arbor House, 1988.Cadigan, Pat. Rock OnShirley, John. FreezoneBrowning, Tonya, Ed. Writing About Cyberpunk. Austin Abels Copies, 1995.McCaffrey, Larry. Storming the Reality StudioGibson, William. Johnny MnemonicTiptree, James Jr. The Girl Who Was Plugged In